Fig. 1 Schematic of the sphere–membrane adhesion: ( a ) initial configuration, ( b ) deformed configuration under the external force, and ( c ) uniform adhesive traction in the cohesive zone More about this image found in Schematic of the sphere–membrane adhesion: ( a ) initial configuration, ( b...

Fig. 2 Dependences of external force on the contact displacement ( a ) and contact radius ( b ) for various λ and fixed μ = 1, L ¯ = 10 More about this image found in Dependences of external force on the contact displacement ( a ) and contact...

Fig. 3 Dependences of external force on the contact displacement ( a ) and contact radius ( b ) for various μ and fixed λ = 1, L ¯ = 10 More about this image found in Dependences of external force on the contact displacement ( a ) and contact...

Fig. 4 Dependences of external force on the contact displacement ( a ) and contact radius ( b ) for various L ¯ and fixed λ = 1, μ = 1 More about this image found in Dependences of external force on the contact displacement ( a ) and contact...

Fig. 5 The critical contact radius ( a ) and contact displacement ( b ) at zero external force More about this image found in The critical contact radius ( a ) and contact displacement ( b ) at zero ex...

Fig. 6 The critical contact radius ( a ) and displacement ( b ) at pull-off force in the limit of JKR-type adhesion More about this image found in The critical contact radius ( a ) and displacement ( b ) at pull-off force ...

Fig. 7 Variation of the magnitude of pull-off force with respect to the membrane elasticity parameter μ for the cases with L ¯ = 10 and λ = 0.1, 1, and 10. The hollow symbols represent the results of other membrane size L ¯ = 5 , 20 , and 50 . More about this image found in Variation of the magnitude of pull-off force with respect to the membrane e...

Fig. 1 The diagram depicts a self-oscillating system consisting of a light-responsive LCE fiber, a lightweight spring, a parallel light source, and an opaque baffle. ( a ) reference state, ( b ) initial state, and ( c ) current state. The interaction between the light-induced contraction of the LC... More about this image found in The diagram depicts a self-oscillating system consisting of a light-respons...

Fig. 2 The system exhibits two motion regimes under steady illumination: ( a ) and ( b ) represent the self-oscillation state ( c ~ 1 = 0. 009 ); while ( c ) and ( d ) denote the static state ( c ~ 1 = 0.08 ). The dimensionless parameters for this system are C 0 ... More about this image found in The system exhibits two motion regimes under steady illumination: ( a ) and...

Fig. 3 Self-oscillation mechanism is depicted for the typical case shown in Figs. 2( a ) and 2( b ) . The time dependence of the volume fraction of cis -isomers ( X ~ = 0.8 ) is shown in ( a ), where the yellow area indicates the material point ( X ~ = 0.8 ) is exposed to... More about this image found in Self-oscillation mechanism is depicted for the typical case shown in Figs. ...

Fig. 4 Snapshots captured within one cycle illustrate the self-oscillatory behavior of the coupled system, as depicted in Figs. 2( a ) and 2( b ) . This continuous periodic self-oscillation is attributed to the cyclical changes in the light-driven contraction. More about this image found in Snapshots captured within one cycle illustrate the self-oscillatory behavio...

Fig. 5 Evolution of the inhomogeneous distribution of cis -isomer volume fraction for the given parameters in Table 2 . ( a ) Reference material point for the LCE fiber from the illuminated zone into the nonilluminated zone. ( b ) Reference material point for the LCE fiber in the nonilluminated ... More about this image found in Evolution of the inhomogeneous distribution of cis -isomer volume fraction...

Fig. 6 Self-oscillating baffle system subjected to first-order damping coefficients after setting the parameters: c ~ 2 = 0.08 , I ~ 0 = 0.4 , E ~ = 4 , C 0 = 0. 26 , k ~ = 1.4 , a ~ = 0.2 , and y ~ = 0 . ( a ... More about this image found in Self-oscillating baffle system subjected to first-order damping coefficient...

Fig. 7 Self-oscillating baffle system subjected to second-order damping coefficients after setting the parameters: c ~ 1 = 0. 009 , I ~ 0 = 0.4 , E ~ = 4 , C 0 = 0. 26 , k ~ = 1.4 , a ~ = 0.2 , and y ~ = 0 . ... More about this image found in Self-oscillating baffle system subjected to second-order damping coefficien...

Fig. 8 Self-oscillating baffle system subjected to contraction coefficient after setting the parameters: c ~ 1 = 0. 009 , c ~ 2 = 0.08 , E ~ = 4 , y ~ = 0 , I ~ 0 = 0.4 , a ~ = 0.2 , and k ~ = 1.4 . ( a )... More about this image found in Self-oscillating baffle system subjected to contraction coefficient after s...

Fig. 9 Self-oscillating baffle system subjected to elastic modulus after setting the parameters: c ~ 1 = 0. 009 , c ~ 2 = 0.08 , I ~ 0 = 0.4 , y ~ = 0 , C 0 = 0. 26 , a ~ = 0.2 , and k ~ = 1.4 . ( a ) Limit... More about this image found in Self-oscillating baffle system subjected to elastic modulus after setting t...