Influence of Clinically Relevant Factors on the Immediate Biomechanical Surrounding for a Series of Dental Implant Designs

The objective of the present study was to assess the influence of various clinically relevant scenarios on the strain distribution in the biomechanical surrounding of five different dental implant macrogeometries. The biomechanical environment surrounding an implant, i.e., the cortical and trabecular bone, was modeled along with the implant. These models included two different values of the study parameters including loading conditions, trabecular bone elastic modulus, cortical/trabecular bone thickness ratio, and bone loss for five implant designs. Finite element analysis was conducted on the models and strain in the bones surrounding the implant was calculated. Bone volumes having strains in four different windows of $0–200με$⁠, $200–1000με$⁠, $1000–3000με$⁠, and $>3000με$ were measured and the effect of each biomechanical variable and their two-way interactions were statistically analyzed using the analysis of variance method. This study showed that all the parameters included in this study had an effect on the volume of bones in all strain windows, except the implant design, which affected only the $0–200με$ and $>3000με$ windows. The two-way interaction results showed that interactions existed between implant design and bone loss, and loading condition, bone loss in the $200–1000με$ window, and between implant design and loading condition in the $0–200με$ window. Within the limitations of the present methodology, it can be concluded that although some unfavorable clinical scenarios demonstrated a higher volume of bone in deleterious strain levels, a tendency toward the biomechanical equilibrium was evidenced regardless of the implant design.