Piping systems are typically designed to the maximum expected design pressure of the system, but water hammer may amplify the system pressure by as much as six to ten, or more, times the original, intended design pressure. This text discusses techniques to estimate those pressures, the stresses caused by the suddenly applied pressures, potential failures due to those pressures, and corrective actions available to reduce those pressures if required. The piping Codes, as written, address static design conditions for elastic materials with little discussion of dynamics. This work reviews some of those static design requirements and provides additional discussion of...