... generating systems have annual generation efficiencies of 20.6–24.8%). 01 05 2006 31 07 2009 12 11 2009 12 11 2009 environmental factors power generation planning power grids proton exchange membrane fuel cells Microgrid systems used in urban areas have several notable...

...Jun Cao; Ned Djilali In proton-exchange membrane fuel cells it is particularly important to maintain appropriate water content and temperature in the electrolyte membrane. The water balance depends on the coupling between diffusion of water, pressure variation, and the electro-osmotic drag...

...% ϕ O 2 1% ϕ AIR 30% Fuel cell CGS specifications Fuel cell type Proton-exchange membrane fuel cell Fuel Water ∕ Methanol = 1.4 ∕ 1.0 (mole ratio) Reforming type Methanol steam reforming Electric energy output 3 kW...

... OF ENERGY RESOURCES TECHNOLOGY . Manuscript received at the AES Division November 16, 2003; revised manuscript received August 10, 2004. Associate editor: S. M. Aceves. 16 November 2003 10 August 2004 21 12 2004 proton exchange membrane fuel cells membranes infrared imaging...

.... , 1995 , “ Modeling of Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell Performance with an Empirical Equation ,” J. Electrochem. Soc. , 142 , pp. 2670 – 2674 . Marr , C. , and Li , X. , 1999 , “ Composition and Performance Modeling of Catalyst Layer in a Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell ,” J...

.... , and Evans , R. B. , 1993 , “ Engineering Functional Analysis (Part I) ,” ASME J. Energy Resour. Technol., 115 (2), N.Y., June. cogeneration proton exchange membrane fuel cells optimisation The present paper focuses on the application of a decomposition methodology to the complex...

... in the literature. The present work focuses on PEMFC technology coupled to the steam reforming of natural gas since this combination seems to be the most prevalent and promising based on the literature 2 3 . The development of proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) systems promises to bring...

...Jeffrey J. Baschuk,; Andrew M. Rowe, and; Xianguo Li 29 08 2003 proton exchange membrane fuel cells carbon compounds electrochemistry fuel cells polymer electrolytes simulation oxygen compounds catalysts conservation laws adsorption current density The contributed...

...; revised manuscript received April 5, 2002. Associate Editor: H. Metghalchi. 03 August 2001 05 April 2002 06 08 2002 road vehicles proton exchange membrane fuel cells modelling simulation hydrogen For automotive applications, PEM fuel cells require hydrogen provided...

... proton exchange membrane fuel cells automobiles simulation road vehicles control systems compressors cooling Opportunities for reduced fuel requirements while meeting power demands in automotive applications exist through appropriate component sizing, low-level...