We report a study of liquid jets formed by the collapse of bubbles under cavitation-generated pressure waves. Such jets involve an extensional flow which is characterized by high rates of extension, the latter being relevant to considerations of the flow of oils within dynamically loaded journal bearings. The technique reported here is found to be sensitive to the influence of extremely small concentrations of high molecular weight polymeric additive (xanthan gum). Commercial multigrade oils are also found to exhibit significantly larger resistance to extensional flow than their Newtonian counterparts and, insofar as the multigrade oils studied here are made viscoelastic by polymer additives, and possess significant levels of resistance to extension, the results provide evidence in support of a mitigating effect of viscoelasticity on cavitation, as mooted by Berker et al. [3].

1.
Williamson
,
B. P.
,
Walters
,
K.
,
Bates
,
T. W.
,
Coy
,
R. C.
, and
Milton
,
M. L.
,
1997
, “
Viscoelastic properties of multigrade oils and their effect on journal-bearing characteristics.
J. Non-Newtonian Fluid Mech.
,
73
,
115
126
.
2.
Binding
,
D. M.
,
Couch
,
M. A.
, and
Walters
,
K.
,
1999
, “
The rheology of multigrade oils at elevated pressures.
J. Non-Newtonian Fluid Mech.
,
87
,
155
164
.
3.
Berker
,
A.
,
Bouldin
,
M. G.
,
Kleis
,
S. J.
, and
Van Arnsdale
,
W. E.
,
1995
, “
Effect of polymer on flow in journal bearings.
J. Non-Newtonian Fluid Mech.
,
56
,
333
347
.
4.
Williams, P. R., 2002, “Cavitation and Bubble Dynamics.” Chapter 5 in: Transport Processes in Bubbles, Drops and Particles, 2nd Edition. Eds. De Kee, D. & Chhabra, R. P. (Taylor & Francis, New York), ISBN 1-56032-906-8, pp. 102–127.
5.
Li
,
X. K.
,
Gwynllyw
,
D. Rh.
,
Davies
,
A. R.
, and
Phillips
,
T. N.
,
2000
, “
On the influence of lubricant properties on the dynamics of two-dimensional journal bearings.
J. Non-Newtonian Fluid Mech.
,
93
,
29
59
.
6.
Brindley
,
J.
,
Elliott
,
L.
, and
McKay
,
J. T.
,
1983
, “
The role of cavitation in whirl instability in a rotor bearing.
ASME J. Appl. Mech.
,
50
,
877
890
.
7.
Dowson
,
D.
, and
Taylor
,
C. M.
,
1979
, “
Cavitation in Bearings.
Annu. Rev. Fluid Mech.
,
11
,
35
66
.
8.
Cameron, A., Basic Lubrication Theory. Ellis Horwood, London, 1981.
9.
Tomita
,
Y.
, and
Shima
,
A.
,
1986
, “
Mechanisms of impulsive pressure generation and damage pit formation by bubble collapse.
J. Fluid Mech.
,
169
,
535
564
.
10.
Dear
,
J. P.
, and
Field
,
J. E.
,
1988
, “
A study of the collapse of arrays of cavities.
J. Fluid Mech.
,
190
,
409
425
.
11.
Ryskin
,
G.
,
1990
, “
Dynamics and sound emission of a spherical cavitation bubble in a dilute polymer solution.
J. Fluid Mech.
,
218
,
239
263
.
12.
Kim
,
C.
,
1994
, “
Collapse of spherical bubbles in Maxwell fluids.
J. Non-Newtonian Fluid Mech.
,
55
,
37
58
.
13.
Jones
,
D. M.
,
Walters
,
K.
, and
Williams
,
P. R.
,
1987
, “
On the extensional viscosity of mobile polymer solutions.
Rheol. Acta
,
26
,
20
30
.
14.
Gupta
,
R. K.
,
Chan
,
R. C.
, and
Deysarkar
,
A. K.
,
1990
, “
Flow of multigrade motor oils in an extensional flow field.
J. Rheol.
,
34
,
1373
1386
.
15.
Pearson
,
G.
, and
Middleman
,
S.
,
1977
, “
Elongational flow behavior of viscoelastic liquids: Part 1. Modelling of bubble collapse.
AIChE J.
,
23
,
714
721
.
16.
Plessett
,
M. S.
, and
Prosperetti
,
A.
,
1977
, “
Bubble Dynamics and Cavitation.
Annu. Rev. Fluid Mech.
,
9
,
145
185
.
17.
Brennen, C. E., 1995, Cavitation and Bubble Dynamics. Oxford University Press, Oxford.
18.
Fruman, D. H., 1999, “Effects of non-Newtonian fluids on cavitation.” In: Advances in the Flow and Rheology of Non-Newtonian Fluids, Part A. Eds. Siginer DA, De Kee D and Chhabra RP. Elsevier
19.
Barrow, M. S., Brown, S. W. J., and Williams, P. R., 2004, “Extensional flow of liquid jets formed by bubble collapse under cavitation-generated pressure waves.” Experiments in Fluids, in press.
20.
Williams
,
P. R.
,
Williams
,
P. M.
, and
Brown
,
S. W. J.
,
1997
, “
Pressure waves arising from the oscillation of cavitation bubbles under dynamic stressing.
J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys.
,
30
,
1197
1206
.
21.
Brown, S. W. J., PhD Thesis, University of Wales, 1999.
22.
Jones
,
D. M.
,
Walters
,
K.
, and
Williams
,
P. R.
,
1987
, “
On the extensional viscosity of mobile polymer solutions.
Rheol. Acta
,
26
,
20
30
.
23.
James, D. F. and Walters, K., 1993, “A critical appraisal of the available methods for the measurement of extensional properties of mobile systems.” in Techniques in Rheological Measurements, A. A. Collyer (Ed.), Elsevier, London.
24.
Cheny
,
J.-M.
, and
Walters
,
K.
,
1999
, “
Rheological influences on the splashing experiment.
J. Non-Newtonian Fluid Mech.
,
86
,
185
210
.
25.
Cameron, A. Basic Lubrication Theory. Ellis Horwood, London, 1981.
26.
Brown
,
S. W. J.
, and
Williams
,
P. R.
,
2000
, “
The tensile behavior of elastic liquids under dynamic stressing.
J. Non-Newtonian Fluid Mech.
,
90
,
1
11
.
27.
Sridhar
,
T.
,
Nguyen
,
D. A.
, and
Fuller
,
G. G.
,
2000
, “
Birefringence and stress growth in uniaxial extension of polymer solutions.
J. Non-Newtonian Fluid Mech.
,
90
,
299
315
.
28.
Cerone
,
P.
, and
Blake
,
J. R.
,
1984
, “
A note on the instantaneous streamlines, pathlines and pressure contours for a cavitation bubble near a boundary.
J. Aust. Math. Soc. Ser. B, Appl. Math.
,
26
,
31
44
.
You do not currently have access to this content.