Numerical investigations show that the spontaneous break of symmetry in annular incompressible jets occurs in the laminar flow regime and is controlled by both the Reynolds number and the blockage ratio. In the blockage ratio range between 0.50 and 0.89 the transition critical Reynolds number decreases with increasing blockage ratio, according to a defined formula. Transition to asymmetry happens in the steady regime, before the transition to the unsteady flow. Asymmetry is characterized by a preferential flow direction from one side of the jet boundary layer to the diametrically opposite side. The plane of preferential direction passes through the geometry centerline and represents the single plane of flow symmetry. Experiments reported in literature have confirmed the existence of flow asymmetry in an annular jet flow.

1.
Schreck
,
E.
, and
Schäfer
,
M.
, 2000, “
Numerical Study of Bifurcation in Three-Dimensional Sudden Channel Expansions
,”
Comput. Fluids
0045-7930,
29
, pp.
583
593
.
2.
De Zilwa
,
S. R. N.
,
Khezzar
,
L.
, and
Whitelaw
,
J. H.
, 2000, “
Flows Through Plane Sudden Expansions
,”
Int. J. Numer. Methods Fluids
0271-2091,
32
, pp.
313
329
.
3.
Drikakis
,
D.
, 1996, “
Bifurcation Phenomena in Incompressible Sudden Expansion Flows
,”
Phys. Fluids
1070-6631,
9
(
1
), pp.
76
87
.
4.
Cherdron
,
W.
,
Durst
,
F.
, and
Whitelaw
,
J. H.
, 1978, “
Asymmetric Flows and Instabilities in Symmetric Ducts With Sudden Expansions
,”
J. Fluid Mech.
0022-1120,
84
, pp.
13
31
.
5.
Restivo
,
A.
, and
Whitelaw
,
J. H.
, 1978, “
Turbulence Characteristics of the Flow Downstream of a Symmetric, Plane Sudden Expansion
,”
ASME J. Fluids Eng.
0098-2202,
100
, pp.
308
310
.
6.
Goodwin
,
R. T.
, and
Schowalter
,
W. R.
, 1996, “
Interactions of Two Jets in a Channel: Solution Multiplicity and Linear Stability
,”
J. Fluid Mech.
0022-1120,
313
, pp.
55
82
.
7.
Yu Gelfgat
,
A.
,
Bar-Yoseph
,
P. Z.
, and
Solan
,
A.
, 2001, “
Three-Dimensional Instability of Axisymmetric Flow in a Rotating Lid—Cylinder Enclosure
,”
J. Fluid Mech.
0022-1120,
438
, pp.
363
377
.
8.
Blackburn
,
H. M.
, and
Lopez
,
J. M.
, 2002, “
Modulated Rotating Waves in an Enclosed Swirling Flow
,”
J. Fluid Mech.
0022-1120,
465
, pp.
33
58
.
9.
Marques
,
F.
,
Lopez
,
J. M.
, and
Shen
,
J.
, 2002, “
Mode Interactions in an Enclosed Swirling Flow: A Double Hopf Bifurcation Between Azimuthal Wavenumbers 0 and 2
,”
J. Fluid Mech.
0022-1120,
455
, pp.
263
281
.
10.
Marques
,
F.
, and
Lopez
,
J. M.
, 2001, “
Processing Vortex Breakdown Mode in an Enclosed Cylinder Flow
,”
Phys. Fluids
1070-6631,
13
, pp.
1679
1682
.
11.
Blackburn
,
H. M.
, and
Lopez
,
J. M.
, 2000, “
Symmetry Breaking of the Flow in a Cylinder Driven by a Rotating Endwall
,”
Phys. Fluids
1070-6631,
12
, pp.
2698
2701
.
12.
Mallinger
,
F.
, and
Drikakis
,
D.
, 2002, “
Instability in Three-Dimensional, Unsteady, Stenotic Flows
,”
Int. J. Heat Fluid Flow
0142-727X,
23
, pp.
657
663
.
13.
Blum
,
L.
, 2005, “
Flow Field and Turbulence Measurements in Different Non-Reacting and Reacting Flow Configurations
,” Ph.D. Thesis, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich.
14.
Del Taglia
,
C.
,
Blum
,
L.
,
Gass
,
J.
,
Ventikos
,
Y.
, and
Poulikakos
,
D.
, 2004, “
Numerical and Experimental Investigation of an Annular Jet Flow With Large Blockage
,”
ASME J. Fluids Eng.
0098-2202,
126
(
3
), pp.
375
384
.
15.
Del Taglia
,
C.
, 2003, “
Numerical Investigation of the Non-Reacting Unsteady Flow Behind a Disk Stabilized Burner With Large Blockage
,” Ph.D. Thesis, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich.
16.
Travnicek
,
Z.
, and
Tesar
,
V.
, 2003, “
Annular Synthetic Jet Used for Impinging Flow Mass-Transfer
,”
Int. J. Heat Mass Transfer
0017-9310,
46
(
17
), pp.
3291
3297
.
17.
Patte-Rouland
,
B.
,
Lalizel
,
G.
,
Moreau
,
J.
, and
Rouland
,
E.
, 2001, “
Flow Analysis of an Annular Jet by Particle Image Velocimetry and Proper Orthogonal Decomposition
,”
Meas. Sci. Technol.
0957-0233,
12
, pp.
1404
1412
.
18.
Vucinic
,
D.
, and
Hazarika
,
B. K.
, 2001, “
Integrated Approach to Computational and Experimental Flow Visualization of a Double Annular Confined Jet
,”
J. Visualization
1343-8875,
4
(
3
), pp.
245
256
.
19.
Stroomer
,
P. P. J.
, 1995, “
Turbulence and OH Structure in Flames
,” Ph.D. thesis, TU-Delft, Netherlands.
20.
Durão
,
D. F. G.
,
Knittel
,
G.
,
Pereira
,
J. C. F.
, and
Rocha
,
J. M. P.
, 1991, “
Measurements and Modelling of Turbulent Near Wake Flow of a Disk With a Central Jet
,”
Eighth International Symposium on Turbulent Shear Flows
.
21.
Aly
,
M. S.
, and
Rashed
,
M. I. I.
, 1991, “
Experimental Investigation of an Annular Jet
,”
J. Wind. Eng. Ind. Aerodyn.
0167-6105,
37
, pp.
155
166
.
22.
Roquemore
,
W. M.
,
Tankin
,
R. S.
,
Chiu
,
H. H.
, and
Lottes
,
S. A.
, 1986, “
A Study of a Bluff-Body Combustor Using Laser Sheet Lighting
,”
Exp. Fluids
0723-4864,
4
, pp.
205
213
.
23.
Taylor
,
A. M. K. P.
, and
Whitelaw
,
J. H.
, 1984, “
Velocity Characteristics in the Turbulent Near Wakes of Confined Axisymmetric Bluff Bodies
,”
J. Fluid Mech.
0022-1120,
139
, pp.
391
416
.
24.
McGuirk
,
J. J.
,
Taylor
,
A. M. K. P.
, and
Whitelaw
,
J. H.
, 1982, “
The Assessment of Numerical Diffusion in Upwind Difference Calculations of Turbulent Recirculating Flows
,”
Turbulent Shear Flows 3
,
Selected Papers from the Third International Symposium on Turbulent Shear Flows
,
L. J. S.
Bradbury
,
F.
Durst
,
B. E.
Launder
,
F. W.
Schmidt
, and
J. H.
Whitelaw
, eds.,
Springer-Verlag
,
Berlin
.
25.
Ko
,
N. W. M.
, and
Chan
,
W. T.
, 1978, “
Similarity in the Initial Region of Annular Jets: Three Configurations
,”
J. Fluid Mech.
0022-1120,
84
, pp.
641
656
.
26.
Durão
,
D. F. G.
, and
Whitelaw
,
J. H.
, 1978, “
Velocity Characteristics of the Flow in the Near Wake of a Disk
,”
J. Fluid Mech.
0022-1120,
85
, pp.
369
385
.
27.
Davies
,
T. W.
, and
Beér
,
J. M.
, 1971, “
Flow in the Wake of Bluff-Body Flame Stabilizers
,”
13th Symposium International on Combustion
,
The Combustion Institute
, pp.
631
638
.
28.
Turns
,
S. R.
, 1996,
An Introduction to Combustion
,
McGraw-Hill
,
New York
.
29.
Bowman
,
C. T.
, 1992, “
Control of Combustion-Generated Nitrogen Oxide Emissions: Technology Driven by Regulation
,”
24th Symposium (International) on Combustion
,
The Combustion Institute
, pp.
859
878
.
30.
Pinho
,
F. T.
, and
Whitelaw
,
J. H.
, 1991, “
Flow of Non-Newtonian Fluids Over a Confined Baffle
,”
J. Fluid Mech.
0022-1120,
226
, pp.
475
496
.
You do not currently have access to this content.