.... In this work, we treat the channeled region of a compact HX as a porous medium (PM) to circumvent the need to model/mesh each individual channel. This allows us to simulate the entire HX, including both the header and channeled regions while maintaining the computational cost at a practical level. Although...

... medium has many applications in engineering and industry such as paper manufacturing, oil reservoirs, and chemical processing. The influence of heat source/sink and suction/injection on stagnation point flow along a stretching sheet in a porous medium was analyzed by Layek et al. [ 28 ]. The influence...

... = 0 Owing to the low encountered velocity magnitudes, the Darcy–Forchheimer model is invoked in this investigation where the viscous drag is assumed negligible in the governing equations. Also, it is assumed that the porosity and the permeability of the porous medium remain constant when...