... is typically in hours, but on the other hand, the time-step sizes typically usable tend to be very small (subseconds) due to the numerical stability requirement for natural convection as often observed. An issue of interest is: What time-step sizes can and should be used in terms of stability as well...

... OWER . Manuscript received December 5, 2016; final manuscript received May 21, 2017; published online June 21, 2017. Assoc. Editor: Liang Tang. 05 12 2016 21 05 2017 Aeronautical propulsion Aerospace applications Engines Heat transfer Natural convection Component maintenance...

... Axes ,” Int. J. Therm. Technol. , 3 ( 2 ), pp. 23 – 31 . http://inpressco.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/06/Paper123-31.pdf Subscripts Amb = ambient ext = external forc.conv = forced convection ins = insulation nat.conv = natural convection OC = over...

.... Finite element Heat transfer Mass Transfer Natural convection Power Radiation Temperature Thermodynamics Turbines Unsteady Co- generation The temperature drop during natural cooling and the way in which the steam turbine restarts have a major impact on the cyclic lifetime of critical...

... reactor coolants fission reactor cooling fission reactor core control natural convection thermal expansion Natural circulation plays a well-known role in many design concepts proposed for future nuclear reactors (see, e.g., Ref. 1 ). This is the consequence of its suitability as a passive...

... play an important role during natural convection with the ECC injection in PWR and should be also considered in pressurized thermal shock scenarios. ANSYS CFX was able to predict the observed flow patterns and mixing phenomena quite well. 21 07 2008 23 07 2008 02 10 2008...