... usable by the desalination plant. To fully capture the thermodynamic and economic cost of energy, and to fairly compare desalination systems that use different grades of input energy, we must compare energy consumption not at the point where energy enters the desalination plant itself, but as PE...

...Adrian Bejan References [1] Bejan , A. , 1997 , Advanced Engineering Thermodynamics , 2nd ed. , Wiley , New York . [2] Bejan , A. , 1982 , Entropy Generation Through Heat and Fluid Flow , Wiley , New York . [3] Bejan , A. , 1996 , Entropy Generation...

... 12 2013 Here, I show that “entransy” has no meaning in physics, because, at bottom, it rests on the false claim that in order to transfer heat to a solid body of thermodynamic temperature T, the heat transfer must be proportional to T. Entransy “dissipation” is a number proportional to well...

... to describe the nature of nonequilibrium heat conduction. A diamond film is used as a numerical example to illustrate the distribution of entropy generation at the walls and inside the film at low temperatures. A fundamental knowledge of the entropy generation processes provides a thermodynamic understanding...

...William G. Gray; Cass T. Miller The recently developed thermodynamically constrained averaging theory is briefly summarized as a tool for the building of rigorous macroscale models of transport phenomena in complex systems. The specific case of thermal transport in a single-fluid-phase porous...

...D. A. Nield Nield , D. A. , 2007 , “ The Modeling of Viscous Dissipation in a Saturated Porous Medium ,” ASME J. Heat Transfer 0022-1481 10.1115/1.2755069 , 129 , pp. 1459 – 1463 . Costa , V. A. F. , 2005 , “ Thermodynamics of Natural Convection in Enclosures...

... in this paper allows the surfactant concentration at the surface and in the bulk to depart from its thermodynamical equilibrium. The Langmuir equilibrium adsorption ratio was based on the k seg coefficient of Sahoo et al. (1988, “Surface-Tension of Binary Metal—Surface-Active Solute Systems Under Conditions...

... differential equations heat transfer hydraulic systems hydrodynamics integration thermodynamics thermal-hydraulic simulation modelling method In hydraulic systems, the oil temperature mainly depends on the efficiency of some working components, such as pumps, motors, and valves...

... during compression and expansion to obtain the correlation. These measurements were performed using a piston-cylinder assembly over a range of volume ratios, frequencies, mean pressures, gases, and internal extended surface areas. The heat transfer was estimated thermodynamically from experimental...

.... 05 04 2005 26 08 2006 30 01 2008 heat exchangers perturbation techniques heat conduction disperse systems finite difference methods thermodynamics hydrodynamics axial dispersion finite difference longitudinal conduction three-fluid heat exchanger transient behavior...

... rely on developing high quality materials realized at an appropriate, application-dependent scale. 21 03 2006 11 09 2006 thin films nanowires thermoelectric conversion cooling thermodynamics thermal conductivity thermoelectricity energy conversion thermoelectric cooling...

...X. L. Ruan; M. Kaviany We review the progress on laser cooling of solids. Laser cooling of ion-doped solids and semiconductors is based on the anti-Stokes fluorescence, where the emitted photons have a mean energy higher than that of the absorbed photons. The thermodynamic analysis shows...

...V. P. Carey; A. P. Wemhoff The concept of disjoining pressure, developed from thermodynamic and hydrodynamic analysis, has been widely used as a means of modeling the liquid-solid molecular force interactions in an ultra-thin liquid film on a solid surface. In particular, this approach has been...

... of the reciprocity rule of exchange factors, and consequently the second law of thermodynamics. Heuristically adjusting a set of exchange factors to satisfy reciprocity usually results in a violation of the summation rule of exchange factors and the first law of thermodynamics. This paper presents a method...

... of this paper is to illustrate and discuss such heat exchanger performance and irreversibility trends by combining the temperature difference irreversibility with the P - NTU results for complex flow arrangements. An irreversible process is referred to as a thermodynamic process, which cannot revert...

...Joseph M. Powers, Associate Professor, It is demonstrated by a concise standard derivation, motivated by principles of rational continuum mechanics and irreversible thermodynamics augmented by novel detailed examples, that for heat conduction in linearly anisotropic solids: (1) common restrictions...

...L. H. Chai; M. Shoji boiling heat transfer fractals renormalisation thermodynamics two-phase flow In reference to discussions received on our paper, “Self-Organization and Self-Similarity in Boiling Systems,” published in the February issue of the Journal of Heat...

... April 2003 17 07 2003 thermodynamics air conditioning condensation evaporation optimisation geometry heat transfer thermal conductivity pulsatile flow aerodynamics cooling mass transfer Exergy Analysis Heat Transfer Heat Exchangers Optimization Regenerators...

... entropy Analytical Heat Transfer Heat Exchangers Second Law Thermodynamics The macroscopic performance of heat exchanger systems is usually described in terms of heat exchanger effectiveness (ε) and the number of heat transfer units N tu . The maximum heat exchanger...

...Dae Hoon Lee; Dae-Eun Park; Euisik Yoon; Sejin Kwon Combustion measurement in a cylindrical micro combustor, the construction procedure and test run of a MEMS reciprocating device are described. The sizing of the MEMS device was based on the findings of combustion measurements. Thermodynamic...