.... 17 which show martensite peaks only. To determine the hardness of steels, a Vickers micro hardness tester with the load of 100 gf was used. Seven different indentations were made on the surfaces of steel plate and their average has been considered. It can be observed from Fig. 18...

... where welding current primarily flows. A contact resistance is composed of constriction and film resistances, which are functions of hardness, temperature, electrode force, and surface conditions. The temperature is determined from the previous study in predicting unsteady, axisymmetric mass, momentum...

...Michael F. Modest; Thomas M. Mallison Lsaers are emerging as a valuable tool for shaping and cutting hard and brittle ceramics. Unfortunately, the large, concentrated heat flux rates that allow the laser to efficiently cut and shape the ceramic also result in large localized thermal stresses...