An Explanation of Low-Speed Chatter Effects

At low machining speeds, self-excited chatter behavior is dominated by factors which have never been satisfactorily explained. By studying the forces acting on the cutting tool right behind the cutting edge, the authors have developed a physical explanation for low-speed stability. This leads to an understanding, in terms of physical quantities, of how such variables as tool edge roundness, tool clearance angles, and chatter frequency affect stability. The explanation is consistent with all published experimental observations of low-speed chatter behavior.