... the removal of the separating service load, the bolted joint system reaches a new equilibrium point between the fastener tension and the joint clamping force. At the new equilibrium point, the fastener tension is reduced from its value at initial assembly, due to the plastic elongation of the fastener...

... of not reaching plastic elongation. As for determining the minimum snug torque, 10,000 Monte-Carlo simulations were made in order to find the yield load and the torque to yield, F yield and M yield , respectively, both reduced due to torsion. The inputs to the simulations are presented...

... which result in collapse of the optical tube are investigated by applying established plasticity theory and then extending this theory to develop new equations for the case of a work-hardening material. The theoretical criteria for the onset of tube collapse are identified. Theoretical, experimental...