Fig. 1 Compact blow tank device [ 3 ] More

Fig. 2 System layout More

Fig. 3 Tests flowchart More

Fig. 4 Illustrates the temporal behavior of the SEC and the settling time of the system More

Fig. 5 Specific energy consumption as a function of time More

Fig. 6 Conveying airflow as a function of both P th and airflow restriction More

Fig. 7 Conveying pressure as a function of both P th and airflow restriction More

Fig. 8 Conveying rate as a function of both P th and airflow restriction More

Fig. 9 Specific energy consumption as a function of both P th and airflow restriction More

Fig. 10 Experimental Zenz Diagram More

Fig. 1 Elastic compliance correction for specimen rotation in ASTM E1820: ( a ) compact tension (C(T)) specimen and ( b ) deformed configuration of the C(T) specimen More

Fig. 2 Schematic diagram for the deformed CT specimen with a large rotation More

Fig. 3 Calculation flowchart to calculate J – R curve dataset considering the CT specimen rotation effect: ( a ) ASTM E1820 method and ( b ) the proposed method More

Fig. 4 Deviation of crack extension length between actual and estimated for each specimen (deviation length = actual crack extension length – estimated crack extension length) More

Fig. 5 Comparison of J – R curve according to various analysis methods for the rotation effect of CT specimen (case I: crack extension >5 mm): ( a ) load–displacement curve and ( b ) J – R curve More

Fig. 6 Comparison of J – R curve according to various analysis methods for the rotation effect of CT specimen (case II: crack extension <5 mm): ( a ) load–displacement curve and ( b ) J – R curve More

Fig. 7 Comparison of analysis average accuracy for crack extension length for each analysis method considering rotation effect (large rotation) More

Fig. 1 Stress of segment on pipe wall More

Fig. 2 Fluid-filled pipe under unit torsion moment More

Fig. 3 Dynamic displacements compared with fem : ( a ) point P1 and ( b ) point P2 More