... design spectrum could not be used to evaluate the free board and lateral forces in the seismic design of storage tanks. Finally, two cases are studied to reveal the stress patterns caused by different earthquakes. Fluid movement in the domain, ( 0 ≤ r ≤ R ,   0 ≤ θ < 2 π , 0 ≤ z...

... (resistance) provide acceptable safety margins for the piping design. This paper describes the development of design equations according to the load and resistance factor design (LRFD) method for loads that cause primary stress such as sustained weight, internal pressure, and earthquake for different levels...