.... 29 08 2006 22 05 2007 22 08 2008 bending crack detection integral equations pipes circumferential through-wall cracked pipe combined tension and bending crack opening displacement J testing plastic η-factor Elastic-plastic analyses of the FE model...

... as a fictitious crack, the integral equations are formulated in terms of surface traction, nonsingular stress, and zero crack face displacement at the coalescent point or at the sheet edge. By solving the equations, critical remote stress, plastic zone sizes, and crack tip opening displacements are obtained...

... conducted by: S. Zamrik. 24 June 2004 14 July 2004 15 03 2005 fracture toughness polymers pipes plasticity materials testing integral equations Polyethylene J-Integral Fracture Toughness Crack Opening Displacement The use of plastic pipes in pressure...