...Issa F. Almesri; Mosab A. Alrahmani; Jaber H. Almutairi; Hosny Z. Abou-Ziyan This paper presents the effect of brick and kiln wall roughness on the fluid flow, pressure drop, and convection and radiation heat transfer in tunnel kilns. The surface roughness of 0–4 mm is investigated for bricks...

... density tunnel kilns energy efficiency forced convection The pressure drop and convection heat transfer between intricate arrays of cuboid elements and flowing fluid are of particular importance in many industrial and engineering applications. Those include the cooling of electronic components...