This research presents an analytical method to calculate the characteristics of the ball bearing under the effect of the waviness in its rolling elements and the centrifugal force and gyroscopic moment of ball. The waviness of rolling elements is modeled by using sinusoidal function, and the centrifugal force and gyroscopic. moment of ball are included in the kinematic constraints and force equilibrium equations to produce the nonlinear governing equations. To improve the convergence of the numerical solution of the nonlinear governing equations, it includes the derivatives of the gyroscopic moment and load-deflection constant of each race in the Newton-Raphson formulation. The accuracy of this research is validated by comparing with the prior research, i.e., (i) the contact force, contact angle in case of considering only the centrifugal force and gyroscopic moment of ball, and (ii) the contact force and vibration frequencies in case of considering only the waviness, respectively. It investigates the stiffness, contact force, displacement and vibration frequencies of the ball bearing, considering not only the centrifugal force and gyroscopic moment of ball but also the waviness of the rolling elements.

1.
Jones
,
A. B.
,
1960
, “
A General Theory of Elastically Constrained Ball and Radial Roller Bearings under Arbitrary Load and Speed Conditions
,”
ASME J. Basic Eng.
,
82
, pp.
309
320
.
2.
Harris, T. A., 1991, Rolling Bearing Analysis, 3rd Ed., John Wiley & Sons, New York.
3.
Hamrock, B. J., and Dowson, D., 1981, Ball Bearing Lubrication—The Elastohydrodynamics of Elliptical Contacts, John Wiley & Sons, New York.
4.
Wardle
,
F. P.
,
1988
, “
Vibration Forces Produced by Waviness of the Rolling Surfaces of Thrust Loaded Ball Bearing, Part 1: Theory
,”
Proc. Inst. Mech. Eng., Part C: Mech. Eng. Sci.
,
202
(
C5
), pp.
305
312
.
5.
Wardle
,
F. P.
,
1988
, “
Vibration Forces Produced by Waviness of the Rolling Surfaces of Thrust Loaded Ball Bearing, Part 2: Experimental Validation
,”
Proc. Inst. Mech. Eng., Part C: Mech. Eng. Sci.
,
202
(
C5
), pp.
313
319
.
6.
Yhland
,
E.
,
1992
, “
A Linear Theory of Vibrations Caused by Ball Bearings with Form Errors Operating at Moderate Speed
,”
ASME J. Tribol.
,
114
, pp.
348
359
.
7.
Aktu¨rk
,
N.
,
Uneeb
,
M.
, and
Gohar
,
R.
,
1997
, “
The Effects of Number of Balls and Preload on Vibrations Associated with Ball Bearings
,”
ASME J. Tribol.
,
119
, pp.
747
753
.
8.
Aktu¨rk
,
N.
,
1999
, “
The Effect of Waviness on Vibrations Associated with Ball Bearings
,”
ASME J. Tribol.
,
121
, pp.
667
677
.
9.
Jang
,
G. H.
, and
Jeong
,
S. W.
,
2002
, “
Nonlinear Excitation Model of Ball Bearing Waviness in a Rigid Rotor Supported by Two or More Ball Bearings Considering Five Degrees of Freedom
,”
ASME J. Tribol.
,
124
, pp.
82
90
.
You do not currently have access to this content.