Ternary iron–tungsten–phosphorus (Fe–W–P) coatings were electrodeposited with different sodium tungstate (NaWO4·2H2O) concentration on stainless steel 316 L substrate. These coatings were characterized by energy dispersive X-ray spectrometer (EDX), scanning electron microscope (SEM), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The friction and wear behavior of these coatings were investigated using ball-on-disk tribometer under dry conditions. This study reveals a nanocrystalline and nodular structure with nanometric grain size of the deposited alloy. The maximum level of incorporation of tungsten (W) is about 29.54 at %. It was obtained with 0.5 M of sodium tungstate concentration, and it increases the microhardness of the coatings. Moreover, it was found that Fe–W–P coatings had significantly improved the tribological properties of the substrate due to their higher wear resistance and lower friction coefficient.
Issue Section:
Coatings and Solid Lubricants
References
1.
Shu
, X.
, Wang
, Y.
, Lu
, X.
, Liu
, C.
, and Gao
, W.
, 2015
, “Parameter Optimization for Electroless Ni–W–P Coating
,” Surf. Coat. Technol.
, 276
, pp. 195
–201
.2.
Sriraman
, K. R.
, Ganesh Sundara Raman
, S.
, and Seshadri
, S. K.
, 2006
, “Synthesis and Evaluation of Hardness and Sliding Wear Resistance of Electrodeposited Nanocrystalline Ni–W Alloys
,” Mater. Sci. Eng. A
, 418
(1–2), pp. 303
–311
.3.
Matsuda
, H.
, Jones
, G. A.
, Takano
, O.
, and Grundy
, P. J.
, 1993
, “Room-Temperature Electroless Deposition of High-Coercivity Co–Ni–P Films
,” Magn. Magn. Mater.
, 120
(1–3), pp. 338
–341
.4.
Poroch-Seritan
, M.
, Gutt
, G.
, Severin
, T.
, and Stroe
, S. G.
, 2010
, “Synthesis and Characterization of Electrodeposition Ni–W Alloys With Different Levels of Tungsten Content
,” Food Environ. Saf.
, 9
(1
), pp. 31
–39
.http://www.fia.usv.ro/fiajournal/en/index_en.html5.
He
, F. J.
, Fang
, Y. Z.
, and Jin
, S. J.
, 2014
, “The Study of Corrosion–Wear Mechanism of Ni–W–P Alloy
,” Wear
, 311
(1–2), pp. 14
–20
.6.
Schuh
, C. A.
, Nieh
, T. G.
, and Iwasaki
, H.
, 2003
, “The Effect of Solid Solution W Additions on the Mechanical Properties of Nanocrystalline Ni
,” Acta Mater.
, 51
(2
), pp. 431
–443
.7.
Tsyntsaru
, N.
, Cesiulis
, H.
, Donten
, M.
, Sort
, J.
, Pellicer
, E.
, and Podlaha-Murphy
, E. J.
, 2012
, “Modern Trends in Tungsten Alloys Electrodeposition With Iron Group Metals
,” Surf. Eng. Appl. Electrochem.
, 48
(6
), pp. 491
–520
.8.
Yan
, M.
, Ying
, H. G.
, and Ma
, T. Y.
, 2008
, “Improved Microhardness and Wear Resistance of the as-Deposited Electroless Ni–P Coating
,” Surf. Coat. Technol.
, 202
(24
), pp. 5909
–5913
.9.
Lu
, G.
, and Zangari
, G.
, 2003
, “Study of the Electroless Deposition Process of Ni–P-Based Ternary Alloys
,” Electrochem. Soc.
, 150
(11), pp. C777
–C786
.10.
Tseng
, C. C.
, Lee
, J. L.
, Kuo
, T. H.
, Kuo
, S. N.
, and Tseng
, K. H.
, 2012
, “The Influence of Sodium Tungstate Concentration and Anodizing Conditions on Microarc Oxidation (MAO) Coatings for Aluminum Alloy
,” Surf. Coat. Technol.
, 206
(16
), pp. 3437
–3443
.11.
Donten
, M.
, Cesiulis
, H.
, and Stojek
, Z.
, 2000
, “Electrodeposition and Properties of Ni–W, Fe–W, and Fe–Ni–W Amorphous Alloys: A Comparative Study
,” Electrochim. Acta
, 45
(20
), pp. 3389
–3396
.12.
Jamil
, A.
, Asami
, K.
, Takeuchi
, A.
, Louzguine
, D. V.
, and Inoue
, A.
, 2003
, “High Strength Ni–Fe–W and Ni–Fe–W–P Alloys Produced by Electrodeposition
,” Matér. Trans.
, 44
(10), pp. 1942
–1947
.13.
Thangaraj
, N.
, Tamilarasan
, K.
, and Sasikumar
, D.
, 2014
, “Effect of Phosphorous Acid and Urea on the Ferrous Tungsten Posphorous Magnetic Thin Film
,” Dig. J. Nanomater. Biostruct.
, 9
(1), pp. 27
–33
.http://www.chalcogen.ro/27_Thangaraj.pdf14.
Vernickaite
, E.
, Antar
, Z.
, Nicolenco
, A.
, Kreivaitis
, R.
, Tsyntsaru
, N.
, and Cesiulis
, H.
, 2015
, “Tribological and Corrosion Properties of Iron-Based Alloys
,” International Conference BALTTRIB
, Kaunas, Lithuania, Nov. 26–27, pp. 162–169.https://www.researchgate.net/publication/299850439_Tribological_and_Corrosion_Properties_of_Iron-Based_Alloys15.
Weston
, D. P.
, Shipway
, P. H.
, Harris
, S. J.
, and Cheng
, M. K.
, 2009
, “Friction and Sliding Wear Behaviour of Electrodeposited Cobalt and Cobalt–Tungsten Alloy Coatings for Replacement of Electrodeposited Chromium
,” Wear
, 267
(5–8), pp. 934
–943
.16.
Tsyntsaru
, N.
, Cesiulis
, H.
, Bobanova
, J.
, Croitoru
, D.
, Dikusar
, A.
, and Celis
, J. P.
, 2009
, “Electrodeposition and Tribological Characterization of Nanostructured Co–W and Fe–W
,” International Conference BALTTRIB
, Kaunas, Lithuania, Nov. 19–21, pp. 259–264.https://lirias.kuleuven.be/handle/123456789/26736817.
Cesiulis
, H.
, Xie
, X.
, and Podala-Murphy
, E.
, 2009
, “Electrodeposition of Co–W Alloys With P and Ni
,” Mater. Sci.
, 15
(2
), pp. 115
–122
.http://s3.amazonaws.com/academia.edu.documents/34839801/04META_1.pdf?AWSAccessKeyId=AKIAIWOWYYGZ2Y53UL3A&Expires=1494276290&Signature=Hjc1RQQAVzwBn016ZYzvp98%2FpWY%3D&response-content-disposition=inline%3B%20filename%3DElectrodeposition_of_CoW_Alloys_with_P_a.pdf18.
Jamil
, A.
, Katsuhiko
, A.
, Akira
, T.
, and Akihisa
, I.
, 2003
, “Effect of Sodium Hypophosphite on the Structure and Properties of Electrodeposited Ni–W–P Alloys
,” Mater. Trans.
, 44
(4), pp. 705
–708
.19.
Xu
, Y.
, Zheng
, X.
, Hu
, X.
, Yin
, Y.
, and Lei
, T.
, 2014
, “Preparation of the Electroless Ni–P and Ni–Cu–P Coatings on Engine Cylinder and Their Tribological Behaviors Under Bio-Oil Lubricated Conditions
,” Surf. Coat. Technol.
, 258
, pp. 790
–796
.20.
Subramanian
, B.
, Ashok
, K.
, and Jayachandran
, M.
, 2008
, “Effect of Substrate Temperature on the Structural Properties of Magnetron Sputtered Titanium Nitride Thin Films With Brush Plated Nickel Interlayer on Mild Steel
,” Appl. Surf. Sci.
, 255
(5
), pp. 2133
–2138
.21.
Du
, J.
, Xu
, L.
, Chen
, B.
, and De
, L.
, 2013
, “Electrodeposition of Nanocrystalline Ni–W Coatings With Citric Acid System
,” J. Nanosci. Nanotechnol.
, 13
(1
), pp. 690
–693
.22.
Warren
, B. E.
, and Biscce
, J.
, 1938
, “Structure of Silica Glass by X-ray Diffraction Studies
,” Am. Ceram. Soc.
, 21
(2
), pp. 49
–54
.23.
Lu
, G.
, and Zangari
, G.
, 2002
, “Corrosion Resistance of Ternary Ni–P Based Alloys in Sulfuric Acid Solutions
,” Electrochim. Acta
, 47
(18
), pp. 2969
–2979
.24.
Capel
, H.
, Shipway
, P. H.
, and Harris
, S. J.
, 2003
, “Sliding Wear Behaviour of Electrodeposited Cobalt–Tungsten and Cobalt–Tungsten–Iron Alloys
,” Wear
, 255
(7–12), pp. 917
–923
.25.
Vernickaite
, E.
, Tsyntsaru
, N.
, and Cesiulis
, H.
, 2016
, “Electrodeposited Co–W Alloys and Their Prospects as Effective Anode for Methanol Oxidation in Acidic Media
,” Surf. Coat. Technol.
, 307
(Pt. C
), pp. 1322
–1328
.26.
Omi
, T.
, Glass
, H. L.
, and Yamamoto
, H.
, 1976
, “Phase Structure and Composition of Fe–W Alloy Electrodeposits
,” J. Am. Ceram. Soc.
, 123
(3), pp. 341
–348
.27.
Omi
, T.
, Yamamoto
, H.
, and Glass
, H. L.
, 1972
, “Structure of Noncrystalline Co-25 a/o W Electrodeposit
,” J. Am. Ceram. Soc.
, 119
(2), pp. 168
–173
.28.
Revankar
, G. D.
, Shetty
, R.
, Rao
, S. S.
, and Gaitonde
, V. N.
, 2014
, “Analysis of Surface Roughness and Hardness in Titanium Alloy Machining With Polycrystalline Diamond Tool Under Different Lubricating Modes
,” Mater. Res.
, 17
(4
), pp. 1010
–1022
.29.
Palaniappa
, M.
, and Seshadri
, S. K.
, 2008
, “Friction and Wear Behavior of Electroless Ni–P and Ni–W–P Alloy Coatings
,” Wear
, 265
(5–6), pp. 735
–740
.30.
Qiu
, Z.-K.
, Zhang
, P.-Z.
, Wei
, D.-B.
, Wei
, X.-F.
, and Chen
, X.-H.
, 2015
, “A Study on Tribological Behavior of Double-Glow Plasma Surface Alloying W–Mo Coating on Gear Steel
,” Surf. Coat. Technol.
, 278
, pp. 92
–98
.31.
Moore
, A. J. W.
, and Tegart
, W. J. McG.
, 1952
, “Relation Between Friction and Hardness
,” Proc. R. Soc. London, Ser. A
, 212
(1111), pp. 452
–458
.http://www.jstor.org/stable/98961?Search=yes&resultItemClick=true&searchText=Hardness&searchUri=%2Faction%2FdoBasicSearch%3FQuery%3DRelation%2BBetween%2BFriction%2Band%2BHardness%26amp%3Bfilter%3Djid%253A10.2307%252Fj100468&seq=132.
Senthur Prabu
, S.
, Choudhary
, A.
, Jain
, A.
, and Sharma
, A.
, 2014
, “Experimental Study on Dry Sliding Wear Behavior of Sintered Fe–C W P/M Low Alloy Steel
,” Proc. Mater. Sci.
, 5
, pp. 809
–816
.33.
Cong
, W.
, Yao
, Z.
, and Zhu
, X.
, 2010
, “Sliding Wear of Low Carbon Steel Modified by Double-Glow Plasma: Surface Alloying With Nickel and Chromium at Various Temperature
,” Wear
, 268
(5–6), pp. 790
–796
.34.
Lawn
, B. R.
, Evans
, A. G.
, and Marshall
, D. B.
, 1980
, “Elastic/Plastic Indentation Damage in Ceramics: The Median/Radial Crack System
,” Am. Ceram. Soc.
, 63
(9–10), pp. 574
–581
.35.
Jianxin
, D.
, Fengfang
, W.
, Yunsong
, L.
, Youqiang
, X.
, and Shipeng
, L.
, 2012
, “Erosion Wear of CrN, TiN, CrAlN, and TiAlN PVD Nitride Coatings
,” Int. J. Refract. Met. Hard Mater.
, 35
, pp. 10
–16
.36.
Wasekar
, N. P.
, and Sundararajan
, G.
, 2015
, “Sliding Wear Behavior of Electrodeposited Ni–W Alloy and Hard Chrome
,” Wear
, 342–343
, pp. 340
–348
.37.
Gawne
, D. T.
, 1984
, “Failure of Electrodeposited Chromium Coatings on Cast Iron Substrates
,” Thin Solid Films
, 118
(3
), pp. 385
–393
.38.
Haseeb
, A. S. M. A.
, Albers
, U.
, and Bade
, K.
, 2008
, “Friction and Wear Characteristics of Electrodeposited Nanocrystalline Nickel–Tungsten Alloy Film
,” Wear
, 264
(1–2
), pp. 106
–112
.Copyright © 2018 by ASME
You do not currently have access to this content.
